A woman's body is a complicated and fragile system, and any odd changes can raise concerns. Swollen labia, which are the skin folds that surround the vaginal opening, are a common ailment that many women face. While not always cause for concern, recognising the possible causes and investigating treatment options is important for women's reproductive health and overall well-being.
Causes of swollen labia
Trauma or Injury
“Accidental trauma or injury to the genital area, such as during sports activities, sexual intercourse, or childbirth, can result in swelling of the labia. Proper care and, if necessary, medical attention are crucial in these situations,” said Dr Sanjay Chaudhary, MBBS, VMMC, New Delhi.
Fungal Infections
According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, three out of every four women will experience a yeast infection at some point in their lives. Candida, the most common yeast overgrowth, can cause swelling, burning, and irritation throughout the vagina, including the labia.
Also read: Is Your Vagina Smelling A Little Off? 3 Things That Would Explain It
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to certain soaps, detergents, fabrics, or personal hygiene products can lead to irritation and swelling of the labia. Identifying and avoiding the allergen is key to preventing recurrent episodes.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause can affect the genital area and lead to temporary swelling of the labia. Maintaining good hygiene practices and using mild, hypoallergenic products can help manage these changes.
Bartholin's Gland Cysts
About 2% of women who are in their twenties will develop Bartholin's cysts. These cysts form when the Bartholin glands, located right outside the vagina, become obstructed. These glands secrete moisture, which helps lubricate the vagina for sex. Many women will not realise they have a cyst until it becomes infected. When this happens, the cyst may cause pain and tenderness in the skin around the vagina and labia.
Edema
Generalised fluid retention or edema, often related to conditions like kidney problems or heart failure, can lead to swelling in various parts of the body, including the labia. Addressing the underlying health issue is crucial in such cases.
Treatment Options
Warm Compresses
Applying a warm compress to the swollen labia can help reduce inflammation and provide relief. This simple home remedy can be effective in cases of minor trauma, infections, or cysts.
Maintaining Good Hygiene
Practising good hygiene, including using mild, fragrance-free soaps and avoiding harsh chemicals, can prevent irritation and minimise the risk of allergic reactions.
Medical Intervention
In cases of infections or persistent swelling, seeking medical attention is crucial. Healthcare professionals may prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections or antifungal medications for yeast infections. For sexually transmitted infections, appropriate treatment will be recommended.
Surgical Procedures
In instances where cysts or abscesses do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical interventions may be necessary. Procedures such as incision and drainage or removal of Bartholin's gland cysts may be recommended by a healthcare provider.
Also read: Vaginal Discharge Guide: Here's How You Can Identify Abnormal Discharge And When to See a Doctor
Lifestyle Modifications
Making lifestyle changes, such as staying hydrated, maintaining a balanced diet, and managing underlying health conditions, can contribute to overall well-being and help prevent recurring episodes of swelling.
Swollen labia can arise from various causes, ranging from minor irritations to more serious underlying conditions. Understanding the potential triggers and seeking timely medical advice is important for proper diagnosis and effective treatment. Whether through at-home remedies, over-the-counter solutions, or medical interventions, addressing the root cause of the swelling ensures women can maintain their reproductive health and overall comfort. Always consult with a doctor for personalised advice and appropriate management based on individual circumstances.