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Prenatal blood tests, typically used to identify foetal disorders like Down syndrome, are offering unexpected life-saving insights for mothers too. In a surprising twist, these tests have been linked to the early detection of hidden cancers in expecting moms. It is imperative to understand how these tests work, what research says, and why this discovery is a game changer for maternal health.
Related: Essential Tests Parents Should Take Before Planning Pregnancy And Why?
What Are Prenatal Blood Tests, And How Do They Detect Cancer?
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Prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing is a non-invasive blood test designed to identify chromosomal abnormalities in a foetus by analysing DNA fragments shed by the placenta into the mother’s bloodstream. However, these tests can also pick up abnormal DNA fragments from cancer cells, acting as a powerful early-warning system.
According to research published in the New England Journal of Medicine on December 4th, 2024, abnormal cfDNA test results revealed cancer in nearly 48% of the cases studied. Out of 107 pregnant women with abnormal test results, 52 were diagnosed with cancers, including lymphoma, colon, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers.
Why Is Early Detection Essential?
Early detection is a critical factor in cancer survival rates. While screening tests like mammograms and colonoscopies have long been used to identify malignancies, cfDNA testing provides a novel approach, especially for pregnant women who are not typically screened for cancers.
Doctors now recommend whole-body MRIs for expecting mothers with abnormal cfDNA results. This imaging technique helps pinpoint the exact location of potential malignancies, allowing for timely and specific interventions.
Which Cancers Are Most Commonly Detected?
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The study highlighted several cancers detected through cfDNA testing:
- Lymphoma (most frequently found)
- Colon cancer
- Breast cancer
- Lung cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
Symptoms of Cancer To Watch For During Pregnancy
Even if your prenatal tests are normal, it’s important to stay vigilant. The American Cancer Society suggests remembering the acronym “CAUTION” for common cancer symptoms:
C: Change in bowel or bladder habits
A: A sore that does not heal
U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
T: Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O: Obvious change in a wart or mole
N: Nagging cough or hoarseness
Additionally, be alert for unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or persistent pain, and please consult your doctor if you notice any unusual changes.
10 Lifestyle Tips To Reduce Cancer Risk
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While early detection is key, prevention is even better. Researchers at Harvard estimate that up to 50% of cancer deaths could be prevented with healthier lifestyle choices. Here are 10 science-backed strategies to lower your cancer risk:
- Avoid Tobacco: Smoking and secondhand smoke are leading causes of cancer. Quit smoking to protect yourself and your family.
- Eat Smart: Opt for fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Reduce red meat and processed foods.
- Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity daily to lower the risk of colon and breast cancers.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is linked to several cancers, including breast and colon cancers.
- Limit Alcohol: Stick to one drink per day to reduce risks, especially for breast and liver cancers.
- Minimise Radiation Exposure: Limit unnecessary X-rays and protect yourself from excessive sun exposure.
- Avoid Environmental Toxins: Steer clear of asbestos, benzene, and other carcinogens.
- Get Vaccinated: Vaccines for HPV and hepatitis B can prevent infection-related cancers.
- Prioritise Sleep: Poor sleep can indirectly increase cancer risk by contributing to obesity and inflammation.
- Boost Vitamin D: Consider a daily supplement to support overall health and potentially reduce cancer risks.
Related: 7 Pre-Pregnancy Tests That You Shouldn’t Miss If You Are Above 30s
Prenatal Tests Are For Moms Too
Prenatal blood tests are no longer just about the baby; they’re about the mom, too. If you’re expecting and considering cfDNA testing, consult your doctor to understand the potential benefits and risks. Early detection can save lives, and this innovative test might just be the unexpected hero in maternal healthcare.
For now, just focus on staying healthy, watching for symptoms, and making lifestyle choices that reduce your risk of cancer. The intersection of science and motherhood shall uncover innumerable discoveries in time to come!