Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common yet manageable medical condition that affects many women following childbirth. Although pinpointing the exact cause can be challenging, various factors contribute to the emotions of sadness, anxiety, and fatigue experienced during this time. These factors can stem from genetic predispositions, hormonal shifts, lack of sleep, exhaustion, or the stress associated with newfound motherhood. Studies indicate that around 22% of individuals report experiencing postpartum depression within two weeks after delivery.
Talking to the team of Onlymyhealth, Dr Sakshi Goel, Senior Consultant, MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madhukar Rainbow Children’s Hospital, listed signs of PPD, its risk factors, and the importance of seeking support.
According to the Journal of Education and Health Promotion, PPD is a crippling mental condition, and its prevalence ranges from 5-60.8% globally. In severe cases of illness, profound feelings of hopelessness can jeopardize one's life and even result in suicide. This factor contributes to 20% of maternal deaths in the postpartum period. Mothers delivering infants weighing less than 1500 grams are at a substantially elevated risk, with the likelihood of experiencing PPD being 4-18 times greater as compared to others.
How To Recognise Postpartum Depression?
Dr Goel listed the symptoms of PPD as follows:
- Persistent Sadness: Dr Goel said, “A prominent characteristic of PPD is a profound and enduring sadness that appears unshakeable. This sadness can be overwhelming and unrelated to specific triggers.”
- Loss of Interest: Mothers with PPD may lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, including caring for their newborn.
- Fatigue: While exhaustion is common for new mothers, PPD-related fatigue is often more profound and unrelenting, making it difficult to perform daily tasks.
- Changes in Appetite: Some women with PPD may experience changes in appetite, leading to significant weight gain or loss.
- Sleep Problems: Insomnia or excessive sleep, beyond what is normal for a new mother, can be a sign of PPD.
- Irritability or Anger: New mothers with PPD may become easily irritated or even hostile, often without a clear reason.
- Difficulty Bonding with the Baby: Struggling to connect with or care for the newborn is a common symptom. Mothers may feel emotionally detached from their babies.
Postpartum Depression Risk Factors
Listing the reasons, Dr Goel shared that a combination of the following factors is usually the cause:
- Additional burden of responsibility.
- Extreme changes in routine and lifestyle.
- The financial pressure of an additional human, plus the medical expenses that come with a newborn.
- Lack of attention from the mother has caused stress in the relationship.
- Fatigue.
- If the mother is suffering from postpartum depression.
How To Manage Postpartum Depression?
Dr Goel advised, “If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it's essential to seek help promptly. PPD is a treatable condition, and early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis. Doctors, therapists, and support groups can provide valuable assistance and emotional support.”
Dr Goel concluded that you must grasp and identify the indications and manifestations of PPD to safeguard the welfare of new mothers and their families. Providing assistance, understanding, and access to suitable treatment can empower a mother to conquer PPD and approach motherhood with increased confidence and resilience, finding joy in the journey.