A recent study published in The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia journal has shed light on the escalating cancer crisis in Asia, with India emerging as the second-highest contributor to the disease burden in 2019. The research, carried out by a global team of scientists, featuring specialists from institutions such as the National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur and Bathinda, has revealed vital information regarding the occurrence and factors contributing to cancer in the region.
Key Findings of the Research
India recorded a staggering 12 lakh new cancer cases and 9.3 lakh deaths in 2019, solidifying its position as the second-highest contributor to the cancer burden in Asia. The study highlighted the urgency of addressing this growing public health concern.
China, India, and Japan emerged as the top three countries in Asia with the highest number of new cancer cases and deaths. China led the count with 48 lakh new cases and 27 lakh deaths, while Japan reported nine lakh new cases and 4.4 lakh deaths.
Leading Cancer Type
Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer emerged as the predominant cancer type in Asia, contributing to an estimated 13 lakh cases and 12 lakh deaths. The study emphasised the gender disparity, with TBL cancer being most frequent in men and the third most frequent in women.
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Cervical Cancer Concerns
The researchers highlighted the significant risk of cervical cancer among women in various Asian countries. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was underscored as an effective preventive measure against the disease, advocating for increased awareness and vaccination efforts.
Risk Factors
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution were identified as major contributors to the rising cancer burden in Asia. The study expressed concern about the impact of increasing air pollution in the region, exacerbated by industrial growth and urbanisation.
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Smokeless Tobacco Epidemic
Smokeless tobacco (SMT) in South Asian countries, including India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, emerged as a significant public health concern. Products like khaini, gutkha, betel quid, and paan masala were linked to a substantial portion of lip and oral cavity cancer cases and deaths.
The study emphasised the urgent need for prioritising timely cancer screening and treatment availability, particularly in low- and medium-income countries where oncologic infrastructure is often scarce. Addressing challenges associated with rural areas, the researchers stressed the importance of improving survival rates and overall cancer outcomes in the region.