Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, is a leading cause of dementia worldwide. As per data provided by the Alzheimer’s Association as of 2020, the most common cause of dementia worldwide is Alzheimer’s Disease, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases.
Talking to the team of OnlyMyHealth, Dr Pankaj Agarwal, Senior Consultant Neurologist and Head, Department of Neurology, Global Hospitals, Parel, Mumbai, shared, “Alzheimer's most commonly affects older adults, as it typically begins after the age of 65.” Detecting Alzheimer's disease in its early stages is a challenge, but recent research has shown that certain metabolic changes in the body may serve as early warning signs.
Metabolic Changes as Early Indicators
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According to a study led by researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine, Alzheimer’s disease causes massive metabolic changes in brain tissue, which was revealed by post-mortem reports.
“The exact causes of Alzheimer's are not fully understood, but there are several early signs that can enable you to seek timely treatment and possibly prolong the damage caused by Alzheimer’s Disease,” said Dr Agarwal.
These changes often occur years before cognitive symptoms become evident, possibly providing scope for early intervention and timely management of Alzheimer’s. Here are some key metabolic changes to be aware of:
Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance, a condition where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, has been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. High blood sugar levels and impaired glucose metabolism can impact brain health and contribute to cognitive decline.
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can damage brain cells and contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. These processes can be detected through markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and antioxidants in the body.
Abnormal Lipid Profiles
Elevated levels of certain lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, have been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's. These lipids can contribute to vascular changes that impair blood flow to the brain.
Amino Acid Imbalances
Imbalances in specific amino acids, such as homocysteine, are associated with Alzheimer's risk. Elevated homocysteine levels can contribute to vascular damage and neurodegeneration, so watch out for these symptoms.
Metabolic changes in the body can serve as early warning signs of Alzheimer's disease, providing an opportunity for early detection and intervention. While these changes are not definitive proof of the disease, they highlight the importance of monitoring metabolic health, especially in individuals with risk factors. Concluding his comments, Dr Agarwal recommended that a healthy lifestyle is key to reducing the risk of Alzheimer's. If someone you know is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, encourage them to stay mentally engaged through reading, playing puzzles, being socially active and learning new skills.