Sleep apnoea, a common yet often overlooked sleep disorder, is far more than a nightly nuisance. Characterised by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, it can significantly impact overall health. While its association with conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and stroke is well-documented, emerging research reveals a concerning potential link to cancer. Studies suggest that the oxygen deprivation caused by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may increase the risk of developing certain cancers, including those affecting the kidneys, breasts, and digestive system. This connection underscores the importance of recognising and addressing sleep apnoea early to mitigate broader health risks.
To understand the connection between sleep apnoea and cancer risk, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Bhaskar Singh, Consultant Surgical Oncology at HCG Cancer Centre, Nagpur. “Prioritising health and early intervention are essential for managing conditions that may seem manageable yet have profound impacts,” Dr Singh says.
What Drives the Link Between Sleep Apnoea and Cancer?
Experts suggest the association between sleep apnoea and cancer may stem from the oxygen deprivation experienced during OSA episodes. This condition, characterised by repeated interruptions in breathing, results in chronic oxidative stress as the body struggles to regulate oxygen levels. Dr Singh elaborates, “Sleep apnoea, a serious and often debilitating disorder, is associated with a wide range of health risks. Left undiagnosed or untreated, it can lead to significant health complications, even death.”
When oxidative stress persists, it can lead to DNA damage and cellular mutations, creating an environment conducive to cancer. Chronic inflammation, another consequence of OSA, may further exacerbate this risk.
Also read: How To Recognise Early Signs Of Sleep Apnoea In Children, Expert Tips For Parents
Cancers Potentially Associated with Sleep Apnoea
While not definitive, studies have indicated a possible link between OSA and various cancers:
Kidney Cancer: Chronic oxygen deprivation and inflammation in OSA are linked to an increased risk of kidney cancer.
Breast Cancer: Women with sleep apnoea face higher breast cancer risks, possibly due to hormone imbalances and the effects of disrupted sleep on cellular health.
Colorectal Cancer: OSA may contribute to colorectal cancer by exacerbating inflammation and oxidative stress in the digestive tract.
Lung Cancer: Given its direct impact on respiratory health, OSA can leave lung tissues more susceptible to cancer.
Prostate Cancer: Hormonal imbalances and disrupted circadian rhythms in men with OSA may be associated with an elevated risk of prostate cancer.
Pancreatic Cancer: Research suggests a link between chronic oxidative stress from OSA and pancreatic cancer development.
Dr Singh warns, “While studies have long explored the ways in which sleep apnoea impacts the body, new and troubling evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnoea may increase the risk of developing certain cancers.”
Recognising Symptoms and Taking Action
Individuals with OSA often experience apneic episodes where breathing slows or stops multiple times during the night. This leads to fragmented sleep, daytime fatigue, and a higher likelihood of undiagnosed conditions. Many dismiss these symptoms as minor, unaware of the severe consequences of untreated sleep apnoea.
To mitigate risks, including the potential link to cancer, Dr Singh stresses the importance of prompt action. Early diagnosis and management can significantly improve health outcomes.
Also read: Alternative Uses Of CPAP Machines Beyond Sleep Apnoea Treatment
Effective Management and Treatment of OSA
Treating obstructive sleep apnoea involves a combination of medical interventions and lifestyle changes:
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): This is the gold standard for OSA treatment. A CPAP machine delivers a steady stream of air to keep airways open, reducing oxygen deprivation and potentially lowering cancer risks.
Lifestyle Modifications: Weight loss, regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol or sedatives can alleviate OSA severity.
Oral Appliances: Custom-fitted devices can reposition the jaw or tongue to prevent airway blockages.
Surgical Interventions: In severe cases, surgeries such as Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) may be necessary to remove or adjust tissues causing obstructions.
Positional Therapy: Sleeping on one’s side rather than the back can reduce airway collapse. Specialised pillows or wearable devices can facilitate this.
Addressing Comorbid Conditions: Managing related health issues like hypertension, diabetes, and chronic inflammation can reduce OSA complications.
The Broader Implications of Treatment
While the cancer connection is still under investigation, addressing sleep apnoea’s immediate risks is crucial. Effective treatment not only improves sleep quality and overall well-being but may also contribute to long-term cancer prevention.
Dr Singh concludes, “Despite these risks, many individuals remain undiagnosed and unaware, dismissing symptoms as minor issues when, in fact, prompt intervention could have substantial health benefits.” Early intervention and awareness are essential to combat the life-altering effects of this condition.
Conclusion
The emerging evidence linking sleep apnoea and cancer serves as a wake-up call. Beyond its impact on sleep, untreated OSA poses serious health threats that extend to chronic diseases like cancer. By taking proactive steps, whether through CPAP therapy, lifestyle changes, or medical treatment,individuals can safeguard their health and reduce the risks associated with this underdiagnosed condition.