Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse. What seems to be a small issue is a significant concern affecting millions of couples worldwide. In some cases, infertility even creates deep distressing experiences, which leads to emotional and psychological challenges.
While the causes can be complex and varied, understanding the underlying factors can help individuals to seek appropriate solutions. We spoke to our expert Dr Shrey Kumar Srivastav, Senior Consultant, Sharda Hospital - Delhi to break down the common causes and solutions of infertility. Here is what he shared with us.
Common Causes of Infertility
1. Hormonal Imbalances
"Hormonal imbalances, both in men and women, are among the most common causes of infertility. In women, irregular ovulation, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and thyroid disorders can disrupt the reproductive process. For men, low testosterone levels, hormonal imbalances, and certain medications can impair sperm production or function," Dr Srivastav said.
2. Structural Issues
According to the doctor, physical abnormalities such as blocked fallopian tubes, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or varicocele in the reproductive organs can also contribute to infertility. In women, conditions such as endometriosis, which simply put is the growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus), uterine fibroids, and blocked fallopian tubes can interfere with conception. In men, varicocele i.e. the enlarged veins in the scrotum and certain congenital defects can affect fertility.
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3. Age-Related Factors
Both male and female fertility decline with age due to their biological clock. "In women, the quality and quantity of eggs decrease over time, reducing the chances of conception. In men, sperm quality and motility can deteriorate with age," Dr Srivastavsaid.
4. Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle choices can also impact fertility. Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use, and obesity can negatively affect reproductive health. Additionally, exposure to environmental toxins and certain medications can impair fertility.
5. Infections and STIs
Some Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can lead to infertility if left untreated. These infections can cause inflammation and scarring in the reproductive organs, hindering conception.
Seeking Solutions for Infertility
While infertility can be a challenging diagnosis, numerous options are available to help couples overcome these obstacles. Dr Srivastavshared that treatment plans vary depending on the underlying cause and may include:
1. Hormone Therapy
Medications can be used to regulate hormone levels and improve ovulation in women or boost testosterone levels in men. Improved ovulation and right testosterone levels play a major role in determining an individual’s fertility.
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2. Surgery
Surgical procedures may be necessary to correct structural abnormalities, such as removing uterine fibroids or treating endometriosis which will help the couple in conceiving.
3. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
Techniques like In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) are some procedures that can assist in conception.
4. Lifestyle Modifications
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances including smoking and drinking, can also significantly improve fertility outcomes.
Conclusion
Remember that open communication between partners and seeking emotional support can also help navigate the challenges associated with infertility. Even if you are not able to conceive naturally, there are several effective ways you can have a child and it’s not a shame. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and discuss the treatment options most suitable for you and your partner.