Colorectal cancer, ranking as the third most prevalent cancer globally, continues to pose challenges in early detection and treatment. Screening methods, including fecal immunochemical tests and colonoscopies, aim to identify polyps that may develop into cancer. Among these, serrated adenomas present a unique challenge due to their flat nature and resistance to treatments, constituting 15 to 30% of colorectal cancers.
A recent study by scientists from Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, sheds light on the metabolic mechanism behind the aggressive nature of serrated adenomas. Published in Nature Communications on December 13, 2023, the study suggests a connection between cholesterol and colorectal cancer tumor growth.
Understanding the Link Between Cholesterol and Tumor Growth
Previous research indicated lower levels of a protein kinase C (PKC) enzyme in serrated adenomas, responsible for regulating genes involved in cell proliferation. The latest study, utilizing a mouse model, revealed dysregulated cholesterol synthesis in tumor cells. Loss of protein kinases led to the activation of a transcription factor called SREBP2, initiating cholesterol production. Cholesterol, a key driver of metabolic processes, was identified as a catalyst for tumor growth.
Lead author Prof. Jorge Moscat explained that the dysregulation in cholesterol synthesis provides a competitive advantage to cancer cells, contributing to their constant growth.
Also Read: How Your Bowel Habits Change With Colorectal Cancer: Symptoms To Note
Potential Role of Statins in Cancer Prevention
The study extended its findings to human cells, identifying low levels of PKC enzymes and an accumulation of the transcription factor SREBP2 in serrated adenomas. Researchers examined the applicability of statins, commonly prescribed for cholesterol reduction, in inhibiting the growth of cells with low PKC levels. Statins, widely used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiac events, showed promise in hindering the growth of cancer cells.
Prof. Moscat and co-lead author Prof. Maria T. Diaz-Meco plan to develop a clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of statins in lowering the risk of cancer in patients with serrated adenoma. While designing such trials is a long-term endeavor, the potential of statins as a simple and widely accessible preventive measure is promising.
Bottomline
The connection between cholesterol and cancer is an evolving area of research. While studies suggest a potential link, the complex relationship between altered blood cholesterol levels and cancer causation or consequence is still under investigation. As evidence grows regarding the potential benefits of statins in reducing cancer risk, ongoing research aims to unravel the intricate interplay between cholesterol, statins, and colorectal cancer. Stay informed, prioritize a healthy lifestyle, and keep an eye on emerging developments in cancer prevention strategies.