Why Do I Feel Dizzy During Periods? Doctor Explains

What Causes Dizziness During Periods?

Several factors can contribute to dizziness during menstruation, including hormonal fluctuations, blood loss, and underlying health conditions. We spoke to Dr Sukirti Jain, Consultant Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Navi Mumbai, to understand the reasons behind dizziness during periods. 

 

Hormonal Changes
Estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. Before and during periods, estrogen levels drop, which can affect the nervous system and blood sugar regulation, leading to dizziness. Dr Jain explains, "Dizziness during periods is often linked to the natural decline in estrogen levels, impacting the autonomic nervous system and potentially causing lightheadedness."

 

 

Low Blood Pressure

Menstrual-related hormonal changes can cause blood vessels to dilate, leading to lower blood pressure. This drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, causing dizziness or lightheadedness. Dr Jain notes, "The hormonal shifts during menstruation can lead to vasodilation, resulting in decreased blood pressure and subsequent dizziness."

 

 

Blood Loss and Iron Deficiency

Heavy menstrual bleeding can lead to significant iron loss, potentially causing iron-deficiency anemia. Low iron levels reduce the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen, leading to dizziness, fatigue, and weakness. Dr Jain advises, "Women experiencing heavy periods should monitor for signs of anemia, as substantial blood loss can deplete iron stores, contributing to dizziness."

 

 

Dehydration

During menstruation, the body may lose more fluids through sweating or diarrhea, leading to dehydration. Dehydration reduces blood volume and circulation, which can contribute to dizziness. "Maintaining adequate hydration is crucial during periods to prevent dizziness related to decreased blood volume," emphasizes Dr Jain.

 

 

Low Blood Sugar Levels

Some women experience changes in appetite or food cravings before and during their periods. Skipping meals or consuming excessive sugary foods can cause blood sugar fluctuations, leading to dizziness. Dr Jain recommends, "Eating balanced meals at regular intervals helps maintain stable blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of dizziness."

 

 

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

PMS and PMDD can cause symptoms like dizziness, nausea, and fatigue due to the body's sensitivity to hormonal changes. "Severe PMS or PMDD can exacerbate dizziness during the menstrual cycle," notes Dr Jain.

 

 

Underlying Medical Conditions

 

• Anemia: Chronic iron deficiency anemia can exacerbate dizziness.
• Vertigo: Women with pre-existing vertigo or inner ear issues may experience worsened dizziness during periods.
• Migraines: Some women experience menstrual migraines, which can cause dizziness, nausea, and light sensitivity.
• Dysautonomia: A disorder affecting the autonomic nervous system, which can worsen dizziness during hormonal fluctuations.

How to Manage Dizziness During Periods

Fortunately, several strategies can help reduce dizziness and maintain well-being during menstruation.

Stay Hydrated

Drink plenty of water, herbal teas, and electrolyte-rich beverages to prevent dehydration and improve circulation. Dr Jain emphasizes, "Adequate fluid intake supports blood volume and reduces dizziness."

Maintain a Balanced Diet

• Iron-Rich Foods: Incorporate spinach, lentils, tofu, red meat, and fortified cereals to prevent anemia.
• Magnesium-Rich Foods: Include bananas, nuts, seeds, and dark chocolate to support nerve and muscle function.
• Complex Carbohydrates and Protein: Consume these to keep blood sugar stable.

"A nutrient-rich diet plays a vital role in preventing dizziness associated with menstrual cycles," advises Dr Jain.

Also read: How To Manage Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Caused By Uterine Fibroid

Avoid Excessive Caffeine and Sugar

While caffeine and sugary foods may provide temporary relief, they can cause blood sugar crashes and worsen dizziness. Dr Jain suggests, "Limiting caffeine and sugar intake can help maintain stable energy levels and reduce dizziness."

Get Enough Rest

Adequate sleep and relaxation help regulate hormonal balance and improve circulation, reducing the risk of dizziness. "Prioritizing rest during menstruation supports overall well-being," notes Dr Jain.

Practice Gentle Exercise

Light exercises like walking, stretching, or yoga can improve blood flow and reduce dizziness. Dr Jain recommends, "Engaging in gentle physical activity can alleviate menstrual discomfort and associated dizziness."

Manage Stress

High stress levels can worsen hormonal fluctuations. Engage in stress-reducing activities like meditation, deep breathing, or listening to calming music. "Effective stress management techniques are essential in minimizing dizziness during periods," says Dr Jain.

Use Iron Supplements If Necessary

If you have heavy periods and experience frequent dizziness, consult a doctor about taking iron supplements. Dr Jain advises, "Supplementation may be necessary for those unable to meet iron needs through diet alone."

When to See a Doctor

If dizziness is persistent, severe, or accompanied by symptoms like fainting, chest pain, severe headaches, or irregular heartbeats, seek medical attention. A doctor can check for anemia, hormonal imbalances, or other underlying health issues. "It's important to consult a healthcare professional if dizziness interferes with daily life or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms," emphasizes Dr Jain.