Imagine drifting off to sleep or waking up in the middle of the night, only to be jolted by the sound of a deafening explosion, a gunshot, or shattering glass—except no one else hears it. This unsettling experience is not a nightmare but a condition known as Exploding Head Syndrome (EHS).
Though it sounds alarming, EHS is a benign sleep disorder that disrupts the wake-sleep transition and often leaves sufferers confused and distressed. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and management strategies can bring relief to those affected and establish a sense of awareness among those who know someone suffering from it. To shed light on the same, we at OnlyMyHealth connected with Dr. Anshu Rohatgi, Vice-Chairperson, Neurology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi.
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What Is Exploding Head Syndrome?
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Dr Rohtagi describes Exploding Head Syndrome (EHS) as a benign sleep disorder that involves hearing sudden, loud noises, like explosions, gunshots, or crashing cymbals that seem to originate from within the head. It is characterised by loud imaginary noises during the transition between sleep and wakefulness.
Our expert further says, “These episodes occur during the transition between wakefulness and sleep and can cause significant fear and confusion. While typically painless, they are often distressing for those who experience them.”
Signs and Symptoms Of Exploding Head Syndrome
According to Dr Rohtagi, the hallmark symptom of EHS is the perception of a loud, abrupt noise during sleep transitions. The noise may resemble fireworks, a gunshot, thunder, or a car crash. In some cases, flashes of light or physical sensations accompany the sound.
Episodes are brief, usually lasting less than a second, and do not involve pain, though they may cause stress, fear, or disrupted sleep. It is accompanied by visual flashes of light, muscle twitches and rapid palpitations.
What Causes Exploding Head Syndrome?
The exact cause of EHS is unclear, but researchers propose several possible explanations:
- Delayed activity in the brain’s reticular formation, which regulates sleep transitions, may result in sensory neurons firing unexpectedly.
- Minor seizures in the brain’s temporal lobe could trigger the perceived noises.
- Sudden movements or dysfunctions in the middle ear, including issues with the Eustachian tube or tympanum, may contribute.
- High stress levels or anxiety can exacerbate symptoms.
- Withdrawal from certain medications, such as SSRIs or benzodiazepines, or substance abuse may play a role.
- Mutations affecting calcium channel function could lead to temporary disruptions in brain signalling.
How Is Exploding Head Syndrome Treated?
There is no specific cure for EHS, but managing stress and maintaining good sleep hygiene can reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. Here are some strategies to consider--
- Practising relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga can help alleviate underlying anxiety. Establishing a consistent sleep routine and creating a calming bedtime environment may prevent episodes.
- While no drugs are FDA-approved for EHS, some medications used for other sleep disorders, anxiety or parasomnias may be prescribed to manage symptoms.
- Consulting a healthcare provider can help identify any underlying conditions contributing to the symptoms.
- Although EHS can be unsettling, it is generally harmless. Recognising the signs and addressing potential triggers can help minimise its impact on daily life.
- If episodes persist or significantly disrupt sleep, seeking medical advice is recommended.
Bottomline
While Exploding Head Syndrome can be a jarring and distressing experience, it is important to remember that the condition is harmless and does not cause physical damage. By focusing on stress management, maintaining healthy sleep habits, and seeking professional advice when necessary, individuals can effectively minimise its impact.
With the right strategies, restful and uninterrupted sleep is well within reach. If you or someone you know experiences EHS, know that support is available, and the condition is manageable.