It is common to see changes in your skin, such as developing fine lines and wrinkles as you age. But did you know ageing can affect your eye health too? You may face difficulty looking at closer objects, distinguishing colours, and need more time to adjust to changing light levels. Some changes are age-related effects, but others can indicate a medical condition that needs appropriate treatment. We spoke to Dr Komal Sangoi, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgeon, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central, who explained how ageing impacts the eyes and protects your vision.
Eye Conditions Caused Due To Ageing
According to a 2006 study, our vision declines as we age, with every visual function deteriorating, such as decreased contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, sensitivity of visual field and increase in dark adaptation threshold.
You may develop various eye health conditions as you age. Here are some listed by Dr Sangoi:
1. Presbyopia (Loss of Near Vision)
"Your eye lens loses flexibility when you reach 40, causing difficulty in focusing on close objects. This condition is called presbyopia and usually requires reading glasses, bifocals or progressive lenses for clear vision," said Dr Sangoi.
According to the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care (IFMPC), over 1.8 billion people suffer from presbyopia worldwide, of which 826 million have impaired near vision due to inadequate or no vision correction.
2. Dryness
Ageing can also reduce tear production, causing dry and irritated eyes. This condition is more common in women, especially after menopause. Artificial tears, omega-3 fatty acids consumption and staying hydrated can help alleviate discomfort.
3. Cataracts (Cloudy Vision)
Over time, proteins in the eye lens break down, causing cloudiness and blurry vision. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), 50% of Americans over 75 develop cataracts. Gradual cataract development may eventually demand surgery to recover clear vision.
Also Read: Can Eye Power Change After LASIK? Expert Explains If The Effects Of This Treatment Are Permanent
4. Glaucoma (Optic Nerve Damage)
"Ageing predisposes one to glaucoma, a condition characterised by increasing eye pressure that damages the optic nerve and may lead to complete vision loss. In this case, regular eye exams are essential for early detection and the resultant proper treatment," added Dr Sangoi.
5. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
AMD damages the macula, which is a part of the retina responsible for controlling central vision. The disease has emerged as one of the main causes of blindness among the aged population, especially those over 60. According to a 2022 study, it is estimated that 200 million people globally will be affected by AMD by 2040.
Lifestyle changes and appropriate health care may control the AMD disease at its initial stages. Regular follow-up with your ophthalmologist is very essential for early detection and management of AMD.
Also Read: Glaucoma To Ocular Infections: Warning Signs And Management Tips Of Eye Diseases You Should Know
Ways To Protect Eye Health As You Age
Follow these expert-recommended tips to protect your eye health as you age:
- It is important to maintain your eye health by opting for regular eye checkups.
- Don't forget to wear UV-blocking sunglasses to avoid the risk of eye cancers, cataracts, etc.
- Consume an antioxidant-rich healthy diet to provide necessary nutrients to your eyes, which may help retain vision and avoid eye conditions.
- You should refrain from smoking as it can cause constriction of retinal blood vessels, leading to an increase in blood pressure and risk of permanent vision loss.
- Visit your ophthalmologist immediately if you notice changes in your vision.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your professional if you are dealing with any health issue to avoid complications.]